{"id":4690,"date":"2026-07-16T18:38:00","date_gmt":"2026-07-16T18:38:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nextcitydigest.com\/?p=4690"},"modified":"2026-07-16T18:38:00","modified_gmt":"2026-07-16T18:38:00","slug":"can-the-plastic-industry-save-styrofoam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nextcitydigest.com\/?p=4690","title":{"rendered":"Can the plastic\u00a0industry save styrofoam?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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By Saabira Chaudhuri, Bloomberg<\/strong><\/p>\n

Polystyrene \u2014 the plastic America loves to hate \u2014 wants a second chance.<\/p>\n

Used in foam cups, packaging peanuts and the molded blocks that cushion appliances in transit, polystyrene has long been attacked as hard to recycle, hazardous to sea life and potentially harmful to human health.<\/p>\n

Read more Xavier Becerra, Steve Hilton speak at NALEO conference as they court Latino voters<\/a><\/p>\n

RELATED:\u00a017 states and trade group sue California over plastics packaging law<\/strong><\/p>\n

Environmentalists say polystyrene foam is a significant source of plastic pollution in waterways and marine environments, where it can break into small pieces and be eaten by wildlife. Widely referred to in the US as styrofoam (in fact\u00a0the trademarked name of insulation made by DuPont de Nemours Inc.), polystyrene foam isn\u2019t accepted by most curbside recycling programs.<\/p>\n

\u201cPolystyrene foam is one of the most problematic single-use plastics,\u201d said Christy Leavitt, plastics campaign director for Oceana. \u201cIt is past time to take action on it.\u201d<\/p>\n

As new laws restrict the\u00a0use of polystyrene, the industry is pushing back and trying to rehabilitate the material\u2019s image. Polystyrene is safe, efficient, recyclable and misunderstood, its makers say.<\/p>\n

The Polystyrene Recycling Alliance, a body created last year that counts 17 companies as members, has been working\u00a0to forestall bans and ensure the material is treated as recyclable under new state packaging laws.<\/p>\n

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\u201cThere\u2019s the narrative that polystyrene is not part of the circular future,\u201d said Justin Riney, chair of the alliance and an executive at manufacturer Ineos Styrolutions. \u201cWe are adamant that we have the data, and we know that our products are part of the future.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u2018Problematic\u2019 plastic<\/strong><\/p>\n

Polystyrene\u2019s reputation began to crumble in 1988, when a lawmaker in New York\u2019s Suffolk County proposed banning polystyrene food containers, setting off copycat bills across the nation. Anti-foam activists found a poster child in the McDonald\u2019s Corp.\u00a0hamburger clamshell: It was bulky, not recycled\u00a0and made with chlorofluorocarbons that damaged the ozone layer.<\/p>\n

McDonald\u2019s dropped the CFCs but couldn\u2019t assuage its critics. After two years of failed recycling attempts, it dropped the clamshell too, replacing it with non-recyclable paper wraps. Other companies followed. Some later returned to cheaper foam, but the reputational damage to polystyrene was hard to roll back.<\/p>\n

\n<\/div>\n

RELATED:\u00a0Plastic bags don\u2019t go in the recycling bin. What should you do instead?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Since then, at least 12 US states and more than 250 counties and cities have restricted single-use plastic foam, mostly food-service containers, according to the Surfrider Foundation. In 2022, the US Plastics Pact, a voluntary industry agreement aimed at cutting plastic waste, put polystyrene on its list of \u201cproblematic and unnecessary resins.\u201d<\/p>\n

Between 2021 and 2024, North American polystyrene foam sales fell over 16%, according to the American Chemistry Council. But the material still has its defenders, especially in red states:\u00a0Last month, Alaska\u2019s governor vetoed a bill to ban polystyrene foam food-service containers, and Montana\u2019s governor last year vetoed a similar bill, calling it \u201ccostly government overreach.\u201d<\/p>\n

The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified styrene, the plastic\u2019s chemical building block, as \u201cprobably carcinogenic to humans,\u201d based largely on worker exposure. Studies have found it can leach into food and drinks, especially when they are hot or greasy. Democrats in Congress recently introduced a bill that would deem polystyrene unsafe for food packaging.<\/p>\n

The industry counters that US Food and Drug Administration and European regulators have said polystyrene poses no significant health risk when made and used properly. It says polystyrene\u00a0has very different properties from\u00a0styrene and that people\u2019s average exposure is much lower than the FDA\u2019s acceptable daily intake.<\/p>\n

Since last year, the alliance has been running social media posts with the taglines \u201cPolystyrene: a safe, solid material\u201d and \u201cStyrene is even found in nature.\u201d<\/p>\n

Another message it\u2019s emphasizing is that polystyrene foam, because it\u2019s mostly air, is sparing in its use of material, which limits its environmental footprint.<\/p>\n

The industry is trying to convince\u00a0some of its biggest customers to stick with it. At a\u00a0conference for home-furnishings makers last summer, Joe Gryzb, sustainability head at Engineered Foam Packaging, presented data showing that cushioning a washing machine during transit with polystyrene foam rather than cardboard used 69% less material.<\/p>\n

Read more Ex-pastor accused of pushing wife off cliff died in an unusual way, sheriff says<\/a><\/p>\n

Recycling push<\/strong><\/p>\n

But when it comes to recycling, polystyrene\u2019s lightweight bulk is its Achilles\u2019 heel. Trucks and storage facilities fill up quickly with material that yields little value by weight, making collection and transport economically unviable. Just 3.6% of polystyrene containers and packaging in the US are recycled, according to the US Environmental Protection Agency\u2019s most recently available data.<\/p>\n

Seven states have now passed extended producer responsibility\u00a0laws requiring packaging producers to help pay for collection, sorting and recycling of plastic waste. California\u2019s is the most aggressive and affects a huge market. There, the recycling rate for single-use plastic packaging and food-service ware must reach 30% by 2028, rising to 65% by 2032.<\/p>\n

The alliance says it\u2019s aiming to expand recycling access for polystyrene to the roughly 60% threshold at which a package can be labeled \u201cwidely recyclable\u201d in the US. It has not made a firm commitment to reach that threshold by a particular date, although it says it expects several polystyrene formats to approach it by 2030.\u00a0It also wants to show that polystyrene has viable end markets, so the\u00a0fees producers\u00a0pay under the new laws will be\u00a0used to expand polystyrene recycling rather than bypass it.<\/p>\n

One use that\u2019s a major focus is\u00a0transport packaging. \u201cIt\u2019s the best recycling story we have,\u201d Riney said.<\/p>\n

In May, the alliance asked the US Plastics Pact \u2014\u00a0a voluntary industry coalition aimed at cutting plastic waste \u2014\u00a0to remove transport foam from its problematic materials list. It argued that the foam is rarely littered, companies such as Home Depot Inc. take it back after deliveries and more than 700 North American drop-off sites accept it for recycling. It also asked the pact to spare rigid polystyrene \u2014\u00a0used in items like yogurt cups, produce clamshells, coffee-cup lids and refrigerator interiors \u2014\u00a0saying it is being recycled into sheets, food containers and architectural moldings. The pact says it is considering the submissions.<\/p>\n

While both rigid polystyrene and its foam variant can be recycled using traditional methods, they can be too low in volume or contaminated to separate out from other plastics. The industry is counting on alternatives to lift recycling rates. These include dissolution, which uses solvents to recover polystyrene as pellets, and pyrolysis, which heats mixed plastic waste in low oxygen to produce oil-like feedstocks for new plastic.<\/p>\n

Environmental groups sharply criticize pyrolysis and other chemical recycling technologies, saying they are energy-intensive, can create hazardous byproducts and often turn plastic into fuel instead of recycling it.<\/p>\n

In recent months, the alliance has begun funding recycling drop-off programs in Nashville, Baltimore and Colorado that it hopes will serve as high-profile examples of how polystyrene can be recycled. Key to these efforts are foam densifiers: machines that remove air from foam, shrinking it into dense logs that are far more economical to transport.<\/p>\n

Foam Cycle, which makes densifiers, says it\u2019s sold 42 such machines in North America over the past six years. Founder Lou Troiano deploys a mascot called Buster Foam at recycling events. He says he spent $6,000 on the square-headed, rectangular-bodied costume. In Nashville, he handed out 500 coloring books featuring Buster to local children.<\/p>\n

Troiano would like to see his densifiers sold across the country and says there\u2019s plenty of demand from local communities but a shortage of funding. He believes the money will need to come from wealthy individuals who \u201cjust want to do the right thing.\u201d<\/p>\n

Although the polystyrene alliance \u2014\u00a0which spent $85,000 in setting up the Nashville effort, according to Riney \u2014\u00a0lists the city as one of its \u201csuccess stories\u201d on its website, Troiano says the body hasn\u2019t returned his calls about funding machines elsewhere.<\/p>\n

\u201cThey\u2019re smart;\u00a0they\u2019ll run Nashville for a long, long time to prove a point,\u201d he said, \u201cbut they\u2019re not changing anything.\u201d<\/p>\n

Meanwhile, Oceana plans to keep pushing for nationwide restrictions, Leavitt said. A 2024 poll from the nonprofit\u00a0found\u00a0that 78% of US respondents support national policies that reduce single-use plastic foam.\u00a0Although polystyrene isn\u2019t the only plastic foam out there, it\u2019s the one consumers interact with regularly and are most aware of, says\u00a0Leavitt.<\/p>\n

\u201cThere is definitely an appetite from the general public and also from decision-makers to take it on,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n

Read more California rental ads would have to disclose if pictures used AI, under new bill<\/a><\/p>\n

More stories like this are available on bloomberg.com<\/p>\n

\u00a92026 Bloomberg L.P.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

As new laws restrict the\u00a0use of polystyrene, the industry is pushing back and trying to rehabilitate the material\u2019s image. Polystyrene is safe, efficient, recyclable and misunderstood, its makers say.\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4689,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4690","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-business"],"yoast_head":"\nCan the plastic\u00a0industry save styrofoam? - Next City Digest<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nextcitydigest.com\/?p=4690\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Can the plastic\u00a0industry save styrofoam? - Next City Digest\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"As new laws restrict the\u00a0use of polystyrene, the industry is pushing back and trying to rehabilitate the material\u2019s image. 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